The impact of Sirex noctilio in Pinus resinosa and Pinus sylvestris stands in New York and Ontario

نویسندگان

  • Kevin J. Dodds
  • Peter de Groot
  • David A. Orwig
چکیده

Sirex noctilio Fabricius has a long history as an invasive insect species in pine plantations throughout the Southern Hemisphere and has been recently discovered in North America, where it is uncertain how this insect will behave in pine ecosystems. To assess the impact and attack behavior of S. noctilio, forest surveys and measurements from attacked and unattacked trees were taken in nine Pinus resinosa Ait. and Pinus sylvestris L. plantations in New York, USA, and Ontario, Canada. There was a trend of S. noctilio attacking suppressed trees with smaller live crowns and reduced growth. Some S. noctilio attacks were also found in dominant crown classes but at a lower rate than overtopped or intermediate classes. Sirex noctilio appeared to have more of an impact in P. sylvestris forests, as they attacked more stems (9%–18%) and higher basal area (1.6–5.5 m2/ha) than P. resinosa stands (3%–8% of stems and 0.4–2.4 m2/ha). Dead trees with signs of Siricidae and dead from other causes were also quantified, and in some P. resinosa stands, levels were greater in magnitude than S. noctilio losses. Data from this study suggest that silvicultural treatments should be a key component of integrated pest management plans for S. noctilio. Résumé : Sirex noctilio Fabricius est connu depuis longtemps comme une espèce invasive d’insecte dans les plantations de pin partout dans l’hémisphère Sud et a récemment été découvert en Amérique du Nord où l’on ignore le comportement qu’aura cet insecte dans les écosystèmes où le pin est présent. Afin d’évaluer l’impact et le comportement d’attaque de S. noctilio, des inventaires forestiers et des mesures sur des arbres attaqués et intacts ont été prises dans neuf plantations de Pinus resinosa Ait. et de Pinus sylvestris L. dans l’État de New York, aux États-Unis, et en Ontario, au Canada. L’insecte avait tendance à attaquer les arbres supprimés dont la croissance était faible et la cime vivante plus petite. Certaines attaques de S. noctilio ont été observées dans les classes de cime dominantes mais avec une fréquence plus faible que dans les classes intermédiaire ou supprimée. L’insecte a semblé avoir plus d’impact dans les forêts de P. sylvestris où il a attaqué plus de tiges (9 %–18 %) et une plus grande surface terrière (1,6–5,5 m2/ha) que dans les peuplements de P. resinosa (3 %–8 % des tiges et 0,4–2,4 m2/ha). Les arbres morts portant des signes de Siricidae et les arbres dont la mort était due à d’autres causes ont aussi été quantifiés et leurs niveaux étaient plus élevés que les pertes causées par S. noctilio dans certains peuplements de P. resinosa. Les données provenant de cette étude indiquent que des traitements sylvicoles devraient être une composante essentielle des programmes de lutte antiparasitaire intégrée dans le cas de S. noctilio. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2010